50 research outputs found
Notes on the Wave Equation on Asymptotically Euclidean Manifolds
AbstractThe primary object of this paper is to discuss the asymptotics of solutions of the wave equation on an asymptotically Euclidean manifold, when the initial data have compact support. By going over to an appropriate conformal metric, it is shown that (just as for the ordinary wave equation) such a solution has a forward (âfutureâ) and a backward (âpastâ) radiation field. The same method is then used to define âend pointsâ of bicharacteristics that begin and end above the boundary (the analogue of the sphere at infinity in the Euclidean case), and to derive a relation between the wave front sets of the two radiation fields. The extension of these results to solutions with finite energy is also briefly discussed
Uniqueness results for ill posed characteristic problems in curved space-times
We prove two uniqueness theorems for solutions of linear and nonlinear wave
equations; the first theorem is in the Minkowski space while the second is in
the domain of outer communication of a Kerr black hole. Both theorems concern
ill posed Cauchy problems on smooth, bifurcate, characteristic hypersurfaces.
In the case of the Kerr space-time this hypersurface is the event horizon of
the black hole.Comment: Various correction
The fundamental solution and Strichartz estimates for the Schr\"odinger equation on flat euclidean cones
We study the Schr\"odinger equation on a flat euclidean cone of cross-sectional radius , developing
asymptotics for the fundamental solution both in the regime near the cone point
and at radial infinity. These asymptotic expansions remain uniform while
approaching the intersection of the "geometric front", the part of the solution
coming from formal application of the method of images, and the "diffractive
front" emerging from the cone tip. As an application, we prove Strichartz
estimates for the Schr\"odinger propagator on this class of cones.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures. Minor typos corrected. To be published in Comm.
Math. Phy
A Generalized Representation Formula for Systems of Tensor Wave Equations
In this paper, we generalize the Kirchhoff-Sobolev parametrix of Klainerman
and Rodnianski to systems of tensor wave equations with additional first-order
terms. We also present a different derivation, which better highlights that
such representation formulas are supported entirely on past null cones. This
generalization is a key component for extending Klainerman and Rodnianski's
breakdown criterion result for Einstein-vacuum spacetimes to Einstein-Maxwell
and Einstein-Yang-Mills spacetimes.Comment: 29 page
On spherical averages of radial basis functions
A radial basis function (RBF) has the general form
where the coefficients a 1,âŠ,a n are real numbers, the points, or centres, b 1,âŠ,b n lie in â d , and Ï:â d ââ is a radially symmetric function. Such approximants are highly useful and enjoy rich theoretical properties; see, for instance (Buhmann, Radial Basis Functions: Theory and Implementations, [2003]; Fasshauer, Meshfree Approximation Methods with Matlab, [2007]; Light and Cheney, A Course in Approximation Theory, [2000]; or Wendland, Scattered Data Approximation, [2004]). The important special case of polyharmonic splines results when Ï is the fundamental solution of the iterated Laplacian operator, and this class includes the Euclidean norm Ï(x)=âxâ when d is an odd positive integer, the thin plate spline Ï(x)=âxâ2log ââxâ when d is an even positive integer, and univariate splines. Now B-splines generate a compactly supported basis for univariate spline spaces, but an analyticity argument implies that a nontrivial polyharmonic spline generated by (1.1) cannot be compactly supported when d>1. However, a pioneering paper of Jackson (Constr. Approx. 4:243â264, [1988]) established that the spherical average of a radial basis function generated by the Euclidean norm can be compactly supported when the centres and coefficients satisfy certain moment conditions; Jackson then used this compactly supported spherical average to construct approximate identities, with which he was then able to derive some of the earliest uniform convergence results for a class of radial basis functions. Our work extends this earlier analysis, but our technique is entirely novel, and applies to all polyharmonic splines. Furthermore, we observe that the technique provides yet another way to generate compactly supported, radially symmetric, positive definite functions. Specifically, we find that the spherical averaging operator commutes with the Fourier transform operator, and we are then able to identify Fourier transforms of compactly supported functions using the PaleyâWiener theorem. Furthermore, the use of Haar measure on compact Lie groups would not have occurred without frequent exposure to Iserlesâs study of geometric integration
On Breakdown Criteria for Nonvacuum Einstein Equations
The recent "breakdown criterion" result of S. Klainerman and I. Rodnianski
stated roughly that an Einstein-vacuum spacetime, given as a CMC foliation, can
be further extended in time if the second fundamental form and the derivative
of the lapse of the foliation are uniformly bounded. This theorem and its proof
were extended to Einstein-scalar and Einstein-Maxwell spacetimes in the
author's Ph.D. thesis. In this paper, we state the main results of the thesis,
and we summarize and discuss their proofs. In particular, we will discuss the
various issues resulting from nontrivial Ricci curvature and the coupling
between the Einstein and the field equations.Comment: 62 pages This version: corrected minor typos, expanded Section 6
(geometry of null cones
The wave equation on singular space-times
We prove local unique solvability of the wave equation for a large class of
weakly singular, locally bounded space-time metrics in a suitable space of
generalised functions.Comment: Latex, 19 pages, 1 figure. Discussion of class of metrics covered by
our results and some examples added. Conclusion more detailed. Version to
appear in Communications in Mathematical Physic
Volume Comparison for Hypersurfaces in Lorentzian Manifolds and Singularity Theorems
We develop area and volume comparison theorems for the evolution of
spacelike, acausal, causally complete hypersurfaces in Lorentzian manifolds,
where one has a lower bound on the Ricci tensor along timelike curves, and an
upper bound on the mean curvature of the hypersurface. Using these results, we
give a new proof of Hawking's singularity theorem.Comment: 15 pages, LaTe
Massless Minimally Coupled Fields in De Sitter Space: O(4)-Symmetric States Versus De Sitter Invariant Vacuum
The issue of de Sitter invariance for a massless minimally coupled scalar
field is revisited. Formally, it is possible to construct a de Sitter invariant
state for this case provided that the zero mode of the field is quantized
properly. Here we take the point of view that this state is physically
acceptable, in the sense that physical observables can be computed and have a
reasonable interpretation. In particular, we use this vacuum to derive a new
result: that the squared difference between the field at two points along a
geodesic observer's space-time path grows linearly with the observer's proper
time for a quantum state that does not break de Sitter invariance. Also, we use
the Hadamard formalism to compute the renormalized expectation value of the
energy momentum tensor, both in the O(4) invariant states introduced by Allen
and Follaci, and in the de Sitter invariant vacuum. We find that the vacuum
energy density in the O(4) invariant case is larger than in the de Sitter
invariant case.Comment: TUTP-92-1, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Light-Front Quantisation as an Initial-Boundary Value Problem
In the light front quantisation scheme initial conditions are usually
provided on a single lightlike hyperplane. This, however, is insufficient to
yield a unique solution of the field equations. We investigate under which
additional conditions the problem of solving the field equations becomes well
posed. The consequences for quantisation are studied within a Hamiltonian
formulation by using the method of Faddeev and Jackiw for dealing with
first-order Lagrangians. For the prototype field theory of massive scalar
fields in 1+1 dimensions, we find that initial conditions for fixed light cone
time {\sl and} boundary conditions in the spatial variable are sufficient to
yield a consistent commutator algebra. Data on a second lightlike hyperplane
are not necessary. Hamiltonian and Euler-Lagrange equations of motion become
equivalent; the description of the dynamics remains canonical and simple. In
this way we justify the approach of discretised light cone quantisation.Comment: 26 pages (including figure), tex, figure in latex, TPR 93-